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Scientists propose a new protocol for contact with extraterrestrials


Astrophysicists responsible for analyzing potential extraterrestrial signals and designing humanity sends messages into space have come to the conclusion that we need to develop improved protocols to contact anyone beyond the Earth. Since 1974 we have sent any messages to extraterrestrial civilizations, but may have been too complex to that can be understood. The protocol METI (Messaging to Extraterrestrial Intelligence) could be the solution to this problem.

Humanity has developed several programs for potential contact with extraterrestrial intelligence. Perhaps the most famous projects are the gold discs that are on board the Voyager probes, known as "Sound of Earth" or "Sounds of Earth", gramophone records in which are some tens of sounds and images over characteristics of our planet, and radio broadcasts messages through the radio telescope at Arecibo, Puerto Rico, since 1974.

These projects are designed by brilliant scientists, but some of his colleagues believe they can be too complex and cryptic as to aliens who receive them can understand the message. Can anyone imagine that ET may not even have anything like the sense of hearing-building a gramophone to play and then play the song of a whale on earth? Of these difficulties are talking about.

But a trio of renowned astrophysicists from the United States and France, Dimitra Atri, Julia seagrass and Jacob Haqq-Misra-they hope to change this situation, putting in place a simple and understandable protocol, which can be used as basis for the exchange of messages with possible extraterrestrial civilizations. The protocol, called METI (Messaging to Extraterrestrial Intelligence) takes into account various factors, including how they are encoded signal containing the message, the length of it, and most importantly their content.

METI, as explained by astronomer at the University of Kansas, Dimitra Atri, provides specific wavelengths used for transmission: 1.42 GHz and 4.46 GHz, which are commonly found in natural electromagnetic emissions, the first, for example, corresponds to the natural resonance frequency of hydrogen-and would be simpler to grasp extraterrestrial races that have only a "modest technical skills." We also recommend establishing a sort of "light transmission" dedicated to transmitting messages to a regular schedule.

artificial intelligence

Like much of the community of astronomers, these three scientists agree with Seth Shostak, an astronomer at SETI, which also should be changed to current approaches that include the search for intelligent machines. If the ET technology is similar to ours, at some point in their development machines built advanced enough to enable them to evolve on their own, possibly surviving the species that created them. These machines could be there outside, and, after discussing the desirability of being detected by them, we need a proper protocol of understanding with an artificial intelligence.

But the main criticism that Atri and colleagues make the systems implemented to date is that they are too anthropocentric: hardly a creature of nine tips to live in the Gliese system could understand the human nuances that have terrestrial images. Even with the technical skill and expertise required to decode and interpret a collection of bits as an image, can hardly capture the subtlety that has a photograph showing a wolf and a lamb that is intended to represent good and evil.

"We know very little about the nature of extraterrestrial civilizations. If there is, it is likely that we can increase the likelihood of successfully communicating with them if we use a message that the recipient can understand," say the authors of the paper. We propose to perform a global test of the new protocol METI to determine if all cultures on Earth can understand. The idea is not bad, because if we ourselves have difficulty understanding what we are saying, hardly anybody made by other world understand and respond to the message. "An effective message should be directed to the aliens, at least, be understandable to all humans.

Using the protocol METI in local tests allow us to improve and develop the potential of our messages, "they add.

is clear that the chances of finding intelligent life somewhere in the universe have increased recently. It has long been speculated that there are many star systems like our own, but in recent years have seen really are there, and every week we discover a new exoplanet. Not a bad idea to start reviewing how we can communicate with ET: every day we are closer to finding it. (ABC)

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Peruvian SMEs that seek to conquer the European Union will be present in 23 fairs and business in the world

Small and medium enterprises (SMEs) Peruvian especially seek to conquer the European Union will have the opportunity to participate in a total of 23 missions to fairs and business in Peru and abroad, reported Exporters Association (Adex).

manager Committee Small Business Exporter of Adex (Pymeadex), Roberto Molero, said the natural markets for SMEs are neighbors, but they are taking the first steps towards closer to the European Union.

In this regard, he mentioned that will encourage participation of SMEs in the sub- crafts and jewelry at the show Iberjoya - Intergift - Bijoutex to be held in Madrid (Spain) between 8 and 18 September.

SMEs Another mission will travel to the fair JCK Show Las Vegas jewelry and accessories to be held in The Vegas (Nevada), United States, thanks to the work of the Commission Pymeadex and Promotion of Peru for Export and Tourism (PromPeru).

also promote a business mission to Milan (Italy) where he held the Fair Milan Rho for the craft sector, between 29 November and 8 December.

The work schedule includes other missions to the United States to participate in the Children `s Club in New York, to be held between 6 and 8 March, and the Hannover Fair and Resale in Germany for the metalworking and manufacturing sectors, which will be held from 19 to 23 April.

also be other sectoral missions to international fairs and Cochabamba (Bolivia) to be held between 28 April and 8 May and to be held in Ecuador in July and whose mission will be organized by Pymeadex in strategic alliance with Promperú.

Another mission of SMEs in the apparel sector and agribusiness will focus on Chile and Argentina between the first and 15 June.

also participate in the Fair Colombiamoda , whose mission will be organized jointly with Pymeadex Promperú, and will take between 27 and 29 June.

The most important is undoubtedly the Expoalimentaria , Adex to be organized between 28 and 30 September, and with the participation of SMEs in the food sub sectors (agriculture and fisheries), said Molero.

metalworking sector SMEs will also participate in the international arena Business - Manufacturing Peru, to be held from 23 to 27 November in Lima, and the Expoartesanías Bogota (Colombia) between 6 and 19 December.

While small companies are exporting most of the export base, it is certain that their representation is still small, ranging on average two percent, he said.

These fairs and business conferences are part of the program Pymeadex activities which, individually or in alliance with Promperú will boost this year.

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Amends Regulations Act of SMEs to facilitate establishment of micro

The Ministry of Production published today a supreme decree which modified Regulation Act Promotion Competitiveness, and Development Formalizing the Mype and access to decent employment (Mype Act), in order to facilitate the operators involved the establishment of micro process.

The amendment states that very small and do not require payment of the minimum percentage of its registered capital to be a legal person and access to the benefits provided in the Act Mype.

For a micro-enterprise will be a legal person enough for partners, shareholders, individual participation or declare their intention to operate as an microenterprises at the time of execution of the deed of incorporation.

This statement is not the economic unit as microenterprises, which is in accordance with Article 64 of Law Mype referred to the National Register of Micro and Small Enterprises ( Remype).

If at the time of the creation of microenterprises pleads not be subscribed capital must be entered in the social contract and the opportunity conditions of full payment.

When made cash contributions, the amount shown as paid will be credited with an affidavit from the manager, administrator and / or owner manager microenterprises without further requirements or additional requirements for this establishment of the legal person.

The above statements must be recorded in the deed of incorporation.

The amended article continues by stating that the micro does not need to be a legal person, can be conducted directly by the individual owner.

may, however, voluntarily take the form of Individual Limited Liability Company, or any partnership or corporate forms provided for by law, including self-managed cooperatives and other forms.

"It is necessary to make provisions for the implementation of Article 9 of Law Mype as part of the promotion and business development of MSEs," said the Ministry of Production in standard.

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35% of logistics costs SME storage and distribution are

35 percent of logistics costs that small and medium enterprises (SMEs) are activities related to storage - inventory and distribution, announced today the Logistics Innovation Center (Cite Logistics) - GS1 Peru.

Cite Director Logistics - GS1 Peru, Mary Wong, said that if these costs are minimized through the implementation of logistics innovation projects, then SMEs are more likely to increase profitability.

"For example, if you run projects related to inventories, the savings can vary between 20 and 30 percent, although this depends on the company," he told Andina news agency.

explained that GS1 has been working for four years as a logistics Cite accredited by the Ministry of Production , which channels the company projects funding to various funds.

"We currently have 3.000 associated companies of which over 70 per cent are SMEs. In this regard, since 2007 we have executed over 20 projects in Peru, "he said.

Wong said that by 2011 the expectation of the company's three projects to submit monthly financial funds.

"We also plan to run two long-term projects that require funding of $ 100 000 each, and ten short-term projects for up to $ 40.000 each, "he said.

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Peru extends financial services offering

President Alan García Pérez enacted a law to amend the General Financial System and Insurance System and the Organic Law of the Superintendency of Banking and Insurance (SBS), for companies and institutions supervised will act as trustee.

According to the new rule are authorized to act as trust companies or institutions supervised by the SBS which aims to ensure, support, promote and advise directly or indirectly to the micro and small enterprises ( MSE) of any economic sector.

The amending contributes to increase the number of companies and institutions that can be managed under trust law, which will extend the provision of targeted financial services to MSEs and contribute to the development of microfinance.

The need for this measure is because the trust has proved to be innumerable and very useful, especially with regard to wealth management, state privatization process, channeling public and private investment solution business crisis, among other processes.

can also be used for multiple purposes, said experience, diligence and honesty in handling the assets involved.

Another benefit of the new provision is that formalizes existing businesses and extends the range of actors who are not allowed to serve as trustees but for corporate strategy are more closely related to MSEs.

This meeting of the Minister of Production, Jorge Villasante and chief the Superintendency of Banking and Insurance, Philip Tan

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Small Business Opportunities for SMEs in international trade

Even if they realize that technology is a tool to increase productivity, and effect their profits, many times mypes not access it due to lack of proper advice.

The popular phrase that says "the biggest fish eats the small" no longer seems to be as accurate in business. At present it is said that "the fastest eats the slow." Thus, it frees the prejudice that only large companies can be consolidated for a place in the international market. For now, 64% of Peruvian companies that export are mypes.

The problem is that the amounts exported remain irrelevant. Fortunately, this gap could be shortened by trade agreements signed by Peru and others who are on track to be implemented, since they will have a universe of more than three billion people where the products of micro, small and medium enterprises can arrive.

thus commented Minister Production, Jorge Villasante, during the "National Convention of SMEs with export vision." "China has a population of 1.385 million people Union European Japan with 500 million, 136 million, U.S. and Mexico 342 million, 111 million and if one adds up these numbers we can reach more than 3 billion people are living in the countries with which Peru already has signed trade agreements or has agreements in implementation, and where local businesses can get "he said.

Associativity

The owner of Produce stressed the importance of partnership between small producers so that they can come together to cater to the large number of potential consumers. As an example, said a group of manufacturers of shoes that was associated, successfully managed to enter Ecuador. This made it clear that while each entrepreneur can choose to grow one, you can also opt for strategic alliances that allow you to move faster. Discourse has also been referred by the Organization United Nations Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO), which specifically encourages export consortia to promote goods and services of its members abroad and facilitate the export of such products through actions joint.

One of the strengths is the relationship SMEs and technology for though they are aware that this is a tool to increase productivity, and effect their profits, often have no access to it by the lack of appropriate advice.

IDB Projects

Adex president, Juan Varilias Velásquez, said the union works closely with the Inter-American Development Bank, so that currently have the project "IDB / MIF-Adex" and the project "SME Creative Adex - BID - Tecnológico de Monterrey." The first provides technical assistance to SMEs on technical requirements for market access under the Free Trade Agreement with the U.S. Its aim is to contribute to the strengthening of direct and indirect export capacity of SMEs, the agro-industrial and textile-clothing.

The second project aims to create new business models for SMEs in the manufacturing industry. This initiative will enable the sharing of technological capabilities and access new opportunities in global markets.

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grandfather discovered the Tyrannosaurus Rex in Argentina

Small, about 5 kilos in weight and slightly more than 1.2 meters high, fast and carnivore, the Eodromaeus or "dawn runner" lived 230 million years ago in Argentina. Scientists have discovered the dinosaur believe could be the ancestor of Tyrannosaurus Rex voracious.

A group of paleontologists found the first remains of this creature in 1996 in the Valley of the Moon in the nororeste of Argentina, as explained in an article published in the journal Science. Finally, 14 years later, they have gotten back together.

The animal belongs to the Late Triassic and, say the researchers, is one of the oldest dinosaurs found so far, the evolution in the family of theropods, is likely to achieve fearsome predators like Tyrannosaurus rex and Velociraptor.

Your name: dawn runner, "he said in the BBC Science, Neil Bowdler, refers to the appearance of this specimen is at" the dawn of the emergence of dinosaurs. "

"Very close to the source"

"It is very near the origin of dinosaurs," said the scientific team leader conducted the discovery, Paul Sereno of the University of Chicago.

"It was a two-legged animal and small. It was quick, we know from the small size of their limbs, and had capable hands to grasp things with claws very powerful, "said Sereno.

" It was a predator, we know from his hands, but especially for his long and curved teeth. It was a carnivore specialist and in many ways is an animal very close to the first carnivore, the first line of theropods that eventually evolve and acquire such enormous size as the Tyrannosaurus Rex, "said the expert.

fossilized bones Eodromaeus appeared on some rocks near the Andes. Most were covered with deposits of iron and has required painstaking work to rebuild and reconstruct molds complete skeleton. Bowdler

As explained at the time in which this creature lived, the dinosaurs were not nowhere near the dominant beings. "At that time, creatures resembling crocodiles could swallow a mouthful," he said.

However, he added, "A coincidence, perhaps an environmental catastrophe, say the researchers, paved the way for animals like these and their descendants took control." (BBC)

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Universities provide technology development services to SMEs

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Ants


A group of researchers studying the habits of leaf-cutting ants discovered that these insects as they age and deteriorate its jaws, remove the toughest job.

That is, the ants also retire.

Scientists at the University of Oregon, United States, found that when older ants cut leaves no longer assume tasks related to transportation, which for the researchers show that individuals can play an important role even when its attributes physical start to decline.

The specimens studied are the "farmers" in the world of insects.

Each member of the factory of ants is able to cut and carry loads equivalent to 50 times the size and weight of your own body.

ants then form a miniature procession carrying the harvest home, where the leaves are used as a surface for growing mushrooms that feed the colony.

But when the jaws are deteriorating because of age, this stunning work of computer slows down.

The researchers found that older ants have difficulty holding and cutting blades. Social insects



However, a closer look revealed that those ants whose jaws were completely worn change jobs in the assembly, leaving the task cut leaves their younger colleagues, while they assumed drag the blade in long road back to the nest.

"The deterioration of his jaw was so great that cutting ant would have to use more than twice the energy and time in cutting leaves a copy that had just emerged from the chrysalis, when young and has jaws totally perfect and sharp, "the BBC explains Professor Robert Schofield, one of the scientists who conducted the study.

"So the ants with the most damaged jaws and those that were completely worn out, ten percent of the total, carried on Instead of cutting ".

" This shows the advantage of being a social insect against a solitary insect, an ant because I could not use more with their mandibles and lonely would have died out, "says Schofield.

Research suggests that in these highly organized societies, individuals can adapt and remain useful even when their physical attributes begin to decline. (BBC)

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150 000 school uniforms are Purchases made in Gamarra

After the holidays Christmas Emporium merchants Gamarra business prepare for school year 2011, having as one of the flagship products, with higher production, school uniforms.

Demand is a national and international level. Diogenes explains Alva, president of the Coordinating Gamara Businessmen, the market will reach 100% cover throughout the country, whether national or private schools.

"In Gamarra elaborate about 150 thousand uniforms required in all of Peru. We also cover international demand, "said Alva.

Alva

Diogenes adds that the greatest commercial emporium of the country, you get to charge more than about S /. 5 million in uniform

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Peruvian government agencies to SMEs would exceed S /. 7.500 million in 2010 increased

Government purchases to micro and small enterprises (MSEs) exceed this year's 7.500 million new soles, boosted by the decision to reserve 40 percent of state procurement of goods and services such companies, said the Ministry of Production .

"In the coming weeks we will issue a supreme decree which states that 40 percent of state purchases are reserved for mypes in those goods and services and can provide you with the state," Minister Production, Jorge Villasante.

mypes have indicated that the ability to provide the State property items such as footwear, clothing, metal, wood and services, among others.

noted that the participation of MSEs in government procurement has been increasing, and in 2006 was for approximately 3.600 million soles in 2009 but closed with 6.700 million and in 2010 the result would be between 6.700 million and 6.900 million.

also reported that the business climate of openness for mypes is very dynamic and an example of this is that last year ended with almost 109 000 mypes registered on the National Register of the Micro and Small Enterprises (Remype).

indicated that various Municipalities are announcing the implementation of schemes for the constitution of mypes and others have achieved significant results, as with the municipality that gave 30.000 operating licenses.

Villasante also said that the implementation of the pension system for workers in MSEs will be ready by July, as the Ministry of Economy and Finance (MEF) has made the respective scheme.

"We are coordinating a chance to review the proposal and the commitment is that before July 28 the system has been tendered and have the entity that will administer the pension fund, "he told TV Peru.

On the other hand, recalled that the second season of fishing in Peruvian waters should end on January 31, but the Ministry of Production is evaluating the possibility to expand.

For the second fishing season had a catch limit of 2.5 million tonnes, however, at the end of last year caught 386 000 tonnes and the ministry hopes to capture the rest the first month of this year, although it is difficult to figure maximum permissible limit, he said.

therefore stated that the fishing seasons for the year 2011 will have high expectations and allow recovery of catches are not made in 2010.

Finally, the minister said that his industry is focused on making more effective fisheries control systems that now exist and this requires a commitment of regional governments.

"It is true that regional governments can monitor what is fishing, but often the anchovy catch in the five miles instead of being intended for direct human consumption (CHD), is used for making flour and regional governments have to rely on the audit work, "he said.

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retire human ancestors faced the threat of saber-toothed

The oldest known ancestor of humanity probably lived in fear of large creatures known as saber-toothed roamed the same old habitat in Africa.

Paleontologists identified two new species of saber-toothed cats from fossils unearthed in Menalla Toros in Chad.

In 2001, a team in the central African country unearthed the remains of an extinct hominid species, a creature similar to humans and seven million years, known as "Toumai (Sahelanthropus tchadensis).

Toumaï Experts say that is the oldest hominid known to science.

Toumaï The fossil skull (which means "hope of life" in the local language of Chad Dazaga) was found in the desert Djurab by a team led by Michael Brunet of the University of Poitiers, France.

The position of a larger hole located at the bottom of the skull called the foramen magnum suggests that Toumai walked upright, a trademark of the human race.

The brain stem enters and exits the skull through the hole. In great apes, is located more towards the back of the skull, but in hominids including Toumaï-is closer to the front of the skull. After

disclosed their finding in the pages of the scientific journal Nature in 2002, the fossil was a sensation worldwide.

However, the interpretation of Toumaï as a human family member is controversial. The skull was distorted and if there are other parts of the skeleton, no proof has been published in the scientific literature. It is also older than the date on which the gene indicates that the lineages of humans and chimpanzees diverged. Land

predator

In any event, paleontologists have been busy studying the abundant fossil material discovered on the site, gradually building a picture of the environment in which Sahelanthropus tchadensis unfolded.

In the late Miocene, this area of \u200b\u200bChad must have had a lake and that paleontologists have found fossils of fish, amphibians and crocodiles.

Researchers found fossilized remains of a variety of carnivorous mammals in Menalla Toros. Finish

sharp jaws of a predator must have been an ever present threat both to the Toumaï primates.

Paleontologists had already reported the discovery of remains of a large saber tooth Menalla Bulls, known as Machairodus kabir, which weighed between 350 and 490kg.

The journal Comptes Rendus Palevol, Louis de Bonis, University of Poitiers and colleagues added two new species of saber tooth to the growing list of carnivores that stalked the region of Central Africa in the late Miocene.

Large remains of these cats were unearthed during recent field trips and have been identified as new species of the genus Megantereon Lokotunjailurus and gender. Forest shelter



Patrick Vignaud, director of the Institute of Human Paleontology Paleoprimatología and the University of Poitiers, told the BBC that the saber tooth were almost the same size as today's lions.

"With our current information, we do not know precisely what were the interactions between a primate and a large carnivore, but probably, these interactions were not so friendly," added Professor Vignaud.

"The saber-toothed mammals hunted all kinds: cattle, horses and primates ... The interactions were also more 'psychological', put pressure on potential prey. We can not prove it, but probably is important because in this case, the primates had to live near the indoors as gallery forests, "he told the BBC. Although primates

old as Sahelanthropus tchadensis may have been away from the saber tooth also may have depended on these large carnivores, and others, for their survival.

have saber teeth hunted large herbivorous mammals and probably left enough meat on their prey for scavengers such as Hyaenictherium, and perhaps even primates such as Sahelanthropus.

Some researchers have proposed that the Toumai is more closely related to chimpanzees or gorillas. Even if this were the case, the discovery would be of great importance, since virtually no fossil ancestors of these great apes known in Africa. (BBC)

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Peruvians visiting salons and spend an average of S /. 25 weekly

Peruvians have increased in the last year his visit to the hairdresser and beauty to two or three times a week, with average weekly expenditure 25 new soles, said the German multinational Henkel, that the country has its online presence with Schwarzkopf.

"Until recently people in Peru did not give much importance to their image, perhaps because they had surpluses that allowed them to be certain tastes, but now with the purchasing power you have, the trend is spending more on this aspect, "said the director of Henkel Schwarzkopf Professional for Latin America, Angel Farriols.

In this regard, it considered the Peruvian market turnover at the end salons of 2010 would have had a three percent growth, while this year may grow by four percent.

"Growth is generated especially Lima, sales representing 80 percent of the national total. However, provinces also recorded significant growth, "he told Andina news agency.

As part of its social responsibility program called Shaping Futures, Henkel recently graduated 20 young Peruvian Zarate, in the Lima district of San Juan de Lurigancho, as technicians in hairdressing.

This program, which included the participation of young people from SOS Children's Villages was launched in November 2010 and located at San Juan de Lurigancho as the first district in Latin America is running this project.

Shaping Futures The objective is to transmit all the collective knowledge and train disadvantaged young people to introduce them to the craft of hairdressing and thus contribute to reducing poverty and generating self-sufficient economic projects.

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